Hmong History in China 3

Hmong History in China ,War (1795-1806) began in three provinces - southeastern province of Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, East and West. Hmong have Ba-Wü Liu Yue-Shi Deng, San-Bao, Shi Tian Shi and prohibition. As before, this war began, the Chinese Qing government to oppose, to buy land. The popular slogan at the time: "Back in our area. Entities Han Chu and outside our region." The Second World War was the largest and longest of three. When the Taiping Rebellion, the Qing government demanded more taxes and work of the Hmong. Hmong, led by Chief Xiu-Mei Zhang and others rebelled against the Southeast Guizhou in 1854 and fought until 1873. About one million people took part in the war that hundreds of cities and provinces has been extended. According to Professor Wu, only 30 percent of the Hmong survived the war. Seventy percent of them were killed or fled. Zhang comes Taijiang, Guizhou, were arrested and Chang, Hunan, where he ended his life the cruel torture Case As a significant part of the Hmong moved to Southeast Asia in the last two wars, hundreds of thousands of Hmong were in China. Census and 1990, China is still 7,398,035 Hmong scattered provinces in southwest China - about 3.6869 million in the province of Guizhou, Hunan, 1557073, 896 712 Yunnan, Sichuan, 535 923, Guangxi, Hubei 425 137 200 702, 52 044 on the island of Hainan and other provinces 43 544. Thank you for your many years of war and assimilation, Hmong in China was in five parts - Hong (Red), Hi (black), Bai (white), Hua (flower) and Qing (Green) Hmong divided. Were in three dialects of the language - the Eastern, Central and Western Europe divided. The group might include two dialect. Fortunately, the three groups regarding the payment of the same race, the legendary Chiyou. Legends, tales and songs were in many respects similar to the three groups. All Hmong groups - both within and outside of China will continue to practice or call the program shows qhuab Hmong, songs for the funeral of the deceased to sing. Wed Qhuab leads the soul of the deceased fathers, the current situation in March, tracking the route of migration from village to village, from town to town in the north of Beijing. In addition, written materials, researchers have recently qhuab Hmong program is an important source to re-learn and understand Hmong history. Despite their culture and traditions are similar in many respects, important cultural practices differ from those in China and outside China. In contrast to the Hmong and Southeast Asia, China to standardize how a person is named. According to our teachers and Hmong-Chinese, Hmong traditional than the others and the names and then the family or surname. If you do not speak Chinese (which he then first name) or write her name in the documents that are never called. Finally, the Hmong community is called in China, always the name. However, a minority, but a higher proportion of the Hmong in Southeast Asia prefer to call it by name, In addition, we learned that the Hmong in China need to make a ball of tissue the New Year Our teachers take to the conclusion that the Hmong and Southeast Asia, this practice Zhuang or other nationalities Southwest China, Southeast Asia previously come. Our field work in the Hmong population in southwestern China, as well as information, but physically exhausting. Road closed near the cities, as they walked miles of mountains and valleys to reach the Hmong village. It was a shock as they live in poverty in mountain regions, survived. Water source of life in Laos and filtered water from the tap is a sink in the United States, he could not believe how terrible water. Color of the water was not clear, but dark. Boys fishing. Pigs and chickens in your area. Humans and animals turn to drink the lagoon. This is in many Hmong villages in the countryside true. The water is purified by adding solid (qaub Zeb in Hmong), and a bucket to remove impurities from the water. Lack of training for the Hmong villages. Born in the era of human Hey Shan, for example, there is no school. Schools and colleges are located outside of your dreams. Most of those leaving school before or after the Fourth, for various reasons, from which no impairment of financial incentives. Hmong and economically, China is still weak and backward. This is especially important for people of Yunnan. The lack of agricultural land is their main concern. Without the money to buy fertilizer to enrich depleted soil is different. After the tour is always hungry in the months after six years. She said if the excrement, which would be in better shape. Dry environment, where he lives most of the Hmong accelerated concern for her welfare. Most of them seem to give everything, even our dreams. to develop some of them just started and enrich Hmong society. Commission, at the age of the Hmong leaders and scholars, organized to build a monument and tentatively Chiyou in the capital Guiyang, Guizhou Province. If this happens, the monument is a symbol of national pride, identity, unity and coherence of the Hmong people, wherever they live in the surface of this world in Hmong History in China , .

Hmong History in China 1

Hmong History in China











Hmong History in China For almost six generations ago, about 300,000 Hmong in Laos have come to call home. I know the majority of their fathers Hmong immigrants from China, but it was to deepen their knowledge of the history. Few people know of the legendary figures such as Chiyou, Ba Tien Tao and Wu Yue. Written evidence of migration is limited, and sometimes forced assimilation seems to lose the history and the Hmong are still relatively unknown.

But to understand science and to return to the roots of the Hmong in China, which opened recently at the University of Xiangtan in Hunan province, where a handful of U.S. Hmong students in the summer program two months old Hmong history and culture. Months intensive program (six hours, six days a week), lectures and field work months Hmong village in southwestern China. The program started in the summer, a professor of philosophy, Xiangtan, Ping-la. Born According to Professor of you, the idea was in the United States. As a participant in the International Symposium, 1995 Hmong, professor explained that the Hmong was in the United States, especially its history in China. After his return to China, he and a group of teachers and researchers in China, the Hmong program was founded in Xiangtan, to share information about the Hmong history.

Five students - Txianeng Vang, Yang Cy Thao Cziasarh neng (all St. Paul, Minn.), Charles L. Fang San Diego, California, and I - Participation in the program last year. Xiangtan president were his disciples.

Professor Xin Fu Wu said that the Conference of ancient Hmong history and pointed out that, if history is full of Hmong is very difficult or impossible to collect all the scattered parts into a coherent piece. He acknowledged that the challenge to find for the history of the Hmong, the responsibilities and priorities of the Hmong students in the coming years.

Professor Tong Yang Jiang, 33, Hmong and Chinese historian, author or coauthor of more than 20 titles took a year five hundred thousand Hmong origin of the Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis), which was found near Beijing in 1920. But Professor Yang agreed that the Hmong history over 5000 years remains unclear and speculative. The term "Miao" appeared in China and at the beginning of the historical classics such as "EC Zhanguo (Warring intrigue") and "shiji (Records of historians). After the Han dynasty in 220 AD Miao" has disappeared from history until the Song Dynasty (947-1279 AD). the causes of the mysterious disappearance is still uncertain.

Scientists believe that the Hmong, who spent the most terrible period in history when the term Miao, some changes are made Miao-Manand Man-Miao-Wuling Wuxi Man Manor simply man and finally back to Miao. If the old Miao Miao is now highly controversial as researchers.

Since the word "Miao" or "Miao" instead? Although the term Miaoappeared in Chinese historical documents, the term Hmong has never done. This is called, Miao or Hmong? . The answer to this question varies depending on location. For example, Hmong western Hunan called ;Guo-Xiong. Those are the eastern part of Guizhou province says it is" AMAOTE "or" MB ". And, Sichuan and Yunnan in the south Meng "or" Hmong. In fact, the term ; is probably the name for the Chinese, at least in writing to Hmong.

Hmong People

Hmong People
Hmong People are indigenous peoples in Asia and South Asia more than 5,000 years of history, where, in the heights of the mountains, where to build their forefathers lived and cities and protected areas established. They were from southern China and migration for centuries in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand.

Relations between the Hmong and French were weak. Hmong living in poor countries and in some remote areas of the country has traditionally relied on opium cultivation main source of income. Although a growing number of French attack on the group managed to hold on administrative state in which the political control for the first time in the context of the major clans, and later under French rule.

Hmong divisions, which were developed after the Second World War, and that some members of the group decided to support the French, while others favored the Japanese, who occupied territory is now in contact with the Communists in Vietnam. Colonial power in Indochina and the subsequent actions of America have also been in contact with the Hmong fragmentation. Hmong were "more of opium, which can change weapons on the black market, put it in direct conflict with several rebel groups involved in a general civil war and the release of engulfed East Asia in 1950.

In 1960, many Hmong defend in Laos as the American CIA plan, Laos against the North Vietnam Army (NVA) and the Communist movement Pathet Lao in this country and in other ways to members of the South-East Asian Nations war recruited. Hmong community action became known as the Secret War. Support of the US-led Vang Pao fans who joined in 1966 LaoTheung generations to ensure the independence of Laos Meoland to explain Central and South.

When the U.S. withdrew from Vietnam in 1975, the Kingdom of Laos, were ousted the communists and the Hmong in the goals of retribution and persecution. Although some Hmong people returned to their villages and tried to continue the life of the new system, thousands of people have a terrible trip across the Mekong River in Thailand. This was the beginning of mass production difference between the Hmong from Laos.

Of those who do not leave, 2000-3000 was re-education camps, political prisoners who cleverly collected in 3-5 years. Many died in the camps, it is hard physical work and hard conditions. Hmong thousand people, mostly former soldiers and their families, fled to remote mountain regions - particularly in Phu Bia, the highest mountain in Laos. It was organized by the attacks Pathet Lao and Vietnamese troops. Zong Zoua spiritual leader of his supporters gathered resistance movement called Chao Fa successes are small groups of military operations by government troops, air strikes and heavy artillery and chemical weapons and defoliants included.

In 1980, the support for groups of refugees in Thailand and other countries has shown. Resistance has become a better coordination and regular contact and radio contact with his supporters in Thailand. This is a very special support and opposition groups greater risk of detection. If the governments of Thailand and Laos opened talks on border security in July 1994, these networks support the resistance was dismantled and its members are missing or in prison. Following the closure of refugee camps in Thailand, resistance groups in Laos has the right since 1993.

Peaceful Hmong resistance, the de facto government of Laos Saisomboun district (formerly Muong Cha) a special area in 1994. This is an area where most of the Phu Bia Saisomboun Chao Fa idea crucial to the political and economic development of Hmong resistance in the folds of the authorities to win. Government withdrew its staff within the lowland Lao and general Bounchane (Khmu success of many of the Hmong Chao Fa removed at the end of 1970) and the local military commander Colonel Deputy Commander, and Mr. Lu Yang Yang Siatou (formerly Muong Hom Moungara Chao), coordinator of the Alliance. Special Zone covers the following areas: Phoun Muong, Muong Hom, Muong Cha and Long St. for Hmong People.